An elevated CVP indicates fluid volume overload; which sign would most likely accompany this change?

An elevated CVP indicates fluid volume overload; which sign would most likely accompany this change?

• A. Temperature
• B. Skin turgor
• C. S3 heart sound
• D. Urinary output

Answer: (C)

When venous return and overall fluid volume rise, the heart is dealing with higher preload. A hallmark sign of this volume overload is an S3 heart sound, which occurs from rapid, early filling of a dilated ventricle. In adults, an S3 is abnormal and points to increased filling pressures and congestive states.

Temperature doesn’t reflect fluid status, since it indicates infection or inflammation. Skin turgor changes relate to dehydration or aging, not excess volume. Urinary output can vary for many reasons and isn’t as specific a marker of volume overload as an S3.