Which electrolyte imbalance should the nurse monitor for in a client with chronic alcoholism?

Which electrolyte imbalance should the nurse monitor for in a client with chronic alcoholism?

• A. Hypochloremia
• B. Hypokalemia
• C. Hypocalcemia
• D. Hypophosphatemia

Answer: (B)

Chronic alcoholism commonly disrupts potassium balance, so monitoring for hypokalemia is essential. This condition arises from poor dietary intake, ongoing losses in vomiting or diarrhea, and alcohol-induced diuresis that increases urinary potassium loss. Shifts caused by metabolic alkalosis can also move potassium from the extracellular space into cells, lowering serum levels. Potassium is vital for muscle and heart function, so even a moderate drop can cause weakness, cramps, and serious arrhythmias. While other imbalances like low magnesium or phosphate can occur, potassium depletion is the most frequent and clinically significant issue to watch for in these patients.